{"id":1352,"date":"2011-06-21T23:15:58","date_gmt":"2011-06-22T07:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/goodpoems.org\/?p=1352"},"modified":"2015-05-31T03:58:59","modified_gmt":"2015-05-31T03:58:59","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e7%ab%a0%e3%80%80%e6%97%a0%e4%b8%ba%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%ba%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%89%e6%9c%ba%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/archives\/1352","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5f80\u5f80\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65e0\u529b\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u9065\u63a7\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u4fb5\u8680\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u547d\u8fd0\u662f\u64cd\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6700\u5feb\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u539f\u5219\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5584\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u826f\u597d\u63a8\u5c55\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u58f3\u724c\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e0e\u6c49\u8bfa\u74e6\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5de7\u5408\u3002\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4fee\u70bc\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u52fe\u7ed8\u51fa\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u6325\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u65b0\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u900f\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u5c5e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6539\u5584\u601d\u8003\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u56e2\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u5171\u540c\u613f\u666f\u548c\u5171\u540c\u627f\u62c5\u4f01\u4e1a\u590d\u6742\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u4f7f\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u66f4\u80fd\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u9519\u89c9<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u56e0\u5c5e\u60c5\u7eea\u6027\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u4e8e\u667a\u529b\u6216\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5bc7\u5c14\u6469\u6839\u516c\u53f8\uff08Kollmorgen Corporation\uff09\u5df2\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u53f2\u7ef4\u5b63\u7279\uff08Robert Swiggett\uff09\u7387\u76f4\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u91d1\u94b1\u3001\u540d\u58f0\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9a71\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u662f\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u60f3\u5c06\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u7f6e\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5f03\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0a\u9762\u603b\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u5927\u5899\u201d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7ba1\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u4e0e\u7ec6\u8282\u6027\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9519\u89c9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u5bc7\u5c14\u6469\u6839\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5b66\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5047\u60f3\u4f60\u6709\u4e24\u53ea\u6ed1\u8f6e\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u7c27\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e9b\u8bc0\u7a8d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e09\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\uff0c\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u7c27\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u5f39\u7c27\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u7c27\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u96be\u5ef6\u4f38\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u53ea\u501f\u7740\u79fb\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7b2c\u4e09\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6709\u8f83\u524d\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8bc0\u7a8d\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\uff0c\u6bcf\u53ea\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u90fd\u9644\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f39\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5f39\u7c27\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u63a7\u5236\u6700\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u7531\u6e9c\u51b0\u978b\u4e0e\u5f39\u7c27\u8fde\u6210\u7684\u7ebf\u590d\u6742\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u660e\u767d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u201c\u7ebf\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u201d\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u6b64\u9519\u89c9\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u771f\u7684\u8eab\u5904\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4e0b\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9075\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u62e5\u6709\u5355\u65b9\u4f5c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fbe\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6709\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5907\u53d7\u793c\u9047\uff0c\u88ab\u5927\u65b9\u5730\u6388\u4e88\u6700\u9ad8\u85aa\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9ad8\u4e00\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f98\u5f8a\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u91c7\u5206\u6743\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5f53\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u53c8\u56de\u590d\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u4e86\u53c8\u5173\u3001\u5173\u4e86\u53c8\u5f00\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u9ad8\u9636\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\uff0f\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u820d\u672c\u9010\u672b\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7acb\u5373\u628a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u62c5\u5b50\u8f6c\u56de\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u5e55\u50da\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4f5c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cbe\u7b80\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8d70\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8870\u9000\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53c8\u5c06\u4ee5\u201c\u5171\u6e21\u96be\u5173\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u62c9\u7d27\u7f30\u7ef3\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7ba1\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u6b27\u767d\u6069\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u4f7f\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u603b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5c0f\u2026\u2026\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u56e0\u5e94\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u74e6\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u53bb\u5173\u5207\u5e76\u4e14\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5468\u906d\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u2018\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u2019\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u57281988\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5a07\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u603b\u88c1\u67cf\u514b\uff08James Burke\uff09\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u5bf9\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u572859\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709166\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u7387\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u53f3\u5f39\u6027\u800c\u4f5c\u51b3\u7b56\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u201d\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u8d22\u661f\u6742\u5fd7\u201d\u5f15\u7528\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u6709\u5173\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u4e92\u76f8\u8bf4\u7ecf\u8425\u5a07\u751f\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5206\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6709\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\u4ece\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u5e72\u9884\u8fc7\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u5411\u4e0b\u4f38\u5c55\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e72\u52b2\u5341\u8db3\u3001\u6709\u6240\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u8fd1\u89c6\u7684\u201d\u2014\u2014\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u6ce8\u91cd\u77ed\u671f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u54c1\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u51ed\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u63a7\u5236\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u8eab\u5fc3\u5f3a\u5065\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u8c13\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f53\uff08organism\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f4d\u6743\u5a01\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u6211\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u91d1\u4e39\u5c3c\uff08Dan Kim\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u91ca\u51fa\u6297\u4f53\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5019\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff1f\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6076\u5fc3\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\uff1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bc6\u5207\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u63a7\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u6211\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u7ec8\u4e8e\u540c\u610f\u51c6\u8bb8\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5df2\u6269\u6563\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6709\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6210\u957f\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e73\u8861\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u8840\u538b\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u3001\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6269\u6563\u7b49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u50cf\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7531\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u5a01\u9636\u7ea7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u666f\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bf9\u6539\u53d8\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8eab\u4f53\u4e4b\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e94\u9879\u4fee\u70bc\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u65e0\u4ee5\u590d\u52a0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5171\u540c\u613f\u666f\u4fee\u70bc\u4e4b\u7cbe\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u4e2a\u522b\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u613f\u666f\u548c\u8c10\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u613f\u666f\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u9876\u591a\u4ea7\u751f\u9075\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5949\u732e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u613f\u666f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u613f\u666f\u5c06\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5145\u5b9e\u3002\u4f7f\u547d\u3001\u613f\u666f\u3001\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u597d\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u57f9\u80b2\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5a07\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u603b\u88c1\u67cf\u514b\u53d1\u8868\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u63a5\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u5730\u9080\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5a07\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba2\u51fa\u4f18\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ea4\u53c9\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u9879\u4fee\u70bc<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd9\u9879\u4fee\u70bc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u58f3\u724c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f97\u6700\u4e3a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u51e0\u5bb6\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u58f3\u724c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u4ece\u4f01\u753b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u6781\u5e7f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u4ed6\u4eec\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u58f3\u724c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4f01\u753b\u7684\u74e6\u514b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7b56\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5fc5\u9700\u5177\u5907\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5f53\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u7fa4\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u56e2\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u201d\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e2\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u56e2\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e0e\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u5c40\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u6c47\u8c08\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u9632\u536b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u4e9f\u9700\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\u8fd9\u9879\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u53c8\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u613f\u666f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u6070\u597d\u5c31\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u8fd9\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u8003\u201d\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u4e5f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u8003\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u77ed\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u672a\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53ea\u5bf9\u77ed\u671f\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u3001\u201c\u672c\u5730\u4ee5\u5916\u201d\u5219\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u5b9a\uff08Garrett Hardin\uff09\u9996\u5148\u8fa8\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u3001\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u201d\uff08Tragedy of the Commons\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u6a21\uff0c\u8ddf\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5229\u3001\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u5374\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5bf9\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u65e9\u8fa8\u8ba4\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u6492\u9ed1\u5c14\uff08Sahel\uff09\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u80a5\u6c83\u7684\u8349\u539f\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f9b\u517b\u7740\u5341\u51e0\u4e07\u7684\u7267\u4eba\u548c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e94\u5341\u4e07\u5934\u8349\u98df\u6027\u7684\u7272\u755c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5b83\u5374\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u5149\u79c3\u79c3\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\uff0c\u53ea\u751f\u957f\u7740\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7272\u755c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5e72\u65f1\u4e0e\u9965\u8352\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u7740\u7a77\u56f0\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6492\u9ed1\u5c14\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4eba\u53e3\u53ca\u7272\u755c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u30021955\u52301965\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u5f02\u5e38\u4e30\u6c9b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u56fd\u9645\u6551\u63f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6316\u51ff\u6df1\u4e95\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u53ca\u7272\u755c\u7684\u6210\u957f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6492\u9ed1\u5c14\u7684\u7267\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6269\u5145\u81ea\u5df1\u7272\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7267\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5543\u98df\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7267\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u690d\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u5f97\u7a00\u758f\u3002\u690d\u7269\u6108\u7a00\u758f\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5543\u98df\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5c31\u6108\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7272\u755c\u5543\u98df\u690d\u7269\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e\u8349\u539f\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8349\u6240\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5f00\u59cb\u65e5\u76ca\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u98ce\u96e8\u4fb5\u8680\u571f\u58e4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u6c99\u6f20\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6076\u5316\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u573a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5e72\u65f1\u6765\u88ad\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e94\u5230\u516b\u6210\u7684\u7272\u755c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u6492\u9ed1\u5c14\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6e14\u4e1a\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519c\u5730\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u96e8\u6797\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9178\u96e8\u548c\u6e29\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5171\u6709\u5730\u201d\u7684\u8349\u5730\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u539f\u672c\u5230\u5904\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u7f8a\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5c40\u90e8\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3002\u54c8\u5b9a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u5217\u4e24\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u7531\u7fa4\u4f53\u5171\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u987b\u4ed8\u8d39\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8fbe\u6210\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u672a\u5bdf\u89c9\u90a3\u6837\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u9700\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u6a21\u7684\u7c7b\u5c5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe15\u20141\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u7532\u53ca\u4e59\u53ea\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u7531\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u83b7\u5229\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u83b7\u5229\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u589e\u5f3a\u73af\u8def\u3002\u7267\u4eba\u56e0\u755c\u517b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7272\u53e3\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u755c\u517b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7272\u53e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6570\u767e\u6216\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c40\u90e8\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff09\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u7684\u201c\u603b\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u5ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u83b7\u5229\uff08\u6bcf\u5934\u7272\u53e3\u4e4b\u83b7\u5229\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5f00\u59cb\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f53\u8ba4\u5230\u5171\u540c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u62ef\u6551\u6574\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u8ddf\u7740\u5b8c\u86cb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u4e2a\u4f53\u770b\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff1b\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u4e00\u8d77\u884c\u52a8\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u7ed3\u6784\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u751f\u6001\u7684\u707e\u96be\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u65f6\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u91cd\u89c6\u5206\u6743\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u95e8\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u63f4\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u4e00\u7fa4\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u4e00\u7fa4\u79d8\u4e66\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90fd\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u5171\u6709\u90e8\u95e8\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u54c1\u8d28\u8fc5\u901f\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u6beb\u65e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u80fd\u6216\u79bb\u804c\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5371\u673a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5404\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f1a\u7528\u5c3d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u4e0e\u624d\u5e72\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u6216\u5229\u6da6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u6fc0\u52b1\u5f97\u8fc7\u5ea6\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5171\u540c\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5230\u4ea7\u751f\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u4e4b\u5185\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u5f31\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89c9\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u4f53\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7ec8\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u6bcf\u4e00\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u83b7\u5229\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e38\u6765\u5bdf\u89c9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u9879\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9879\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u987e\u5ba2\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u611f\u53f9\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u957f\u671f\u548c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u9020\u6210\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u8fdd\u80cc\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4eba\u4e3a\u6211\u3001\u5374\u65e0\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6211\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u95e8\u7c73\u52d2\u5bb6\u5177\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u8d5b\u8499\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u6309\u7ee9\u6548\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u5f3a\u5316\u77ed\u671f\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u5371\u5bb3\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\uff08\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u201c\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u58eb\u6c14\u3002\uff09\u8d5b\u8499\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u6210\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u9f13\u52b1\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u81ea\u53d1\u4e0e\u627f\u62c5\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u7acb\u4e0e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u77ed\u671f\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6bd4\u4ece\u524d\u66f4\u53d7\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u8981\u5bf9\u5229\u6da6\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6bcf\u5b63\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u671f\u671b\u7559\u5728\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\u4e8c\u5230\u56db\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u77ed\u671f\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5356\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5bb6\u5177\u7ed9\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e70\u4e3b\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u5316\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u63a8\u4e00\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5171\u540c\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u9879\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u65f6\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8017\u5c3d\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u6709\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u67af\u7aed\u6216\u6ee5\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u8c01\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u65e6\u5171\u540c\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u627e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fbf\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8c01\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1f\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u2014\u2014\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u57fa\u5c42\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u4e0e\u540c\u5fc3\u534f\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u5e55\u50da\u4eba\u5458\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u53cd\u6620\u7ed9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u9664\u975e\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u9879\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5171\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8be5\u9879\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u7aed\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u505a\u53cd\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8b66\u8baf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u501f\u7740\u8ddf\u62a5\u916c\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8b66\u89c9\u5230\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u5371\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba9\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8d1f\u8d77\u81ea\u6211\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5f7c\u6b64\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\u4e89\u76f8\u4e0e\u987e\u5ba2\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u987e\u5ba2\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u7acb\u523b\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f7c\u6b64\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5047\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba2\u8d27\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7acb\u523b\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u538b\u529b\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u5bb6\u7acb\u5373\u8b66\u89c9\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u9020\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5382\u5546\u845b\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\uff08W.L.Gore and Associates\uff09\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u83b7\u5229\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u845b\u5c14\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u5458\u5de5\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u8239\u53ea\u7684\u5403\u6c34\u7ebf\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u9f13\u52b1\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u5403\u6c34\u7ebf\u201d\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u3002\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u5403\u6c34\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u8239\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6c89\u6ca1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u5728\u5403\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u5403\u6c34\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5192\u9669\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u548c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u8c28\u614e\u7814\u5546\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f9d\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u6e05\u5171\u540c\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u53d8\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u8bb8\u591a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fa8\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e94\u7531\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u5c40\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u53d8\u6210\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u5c40\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u2014\u2014\u8d1f\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6574\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u65b0\u89d2\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u65b0\u89d2\u8272\u672a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u4e3b\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u8d1f\u8d77\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8425\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u8d1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u9636\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u7684\uff1f\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u9636\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e94\u8d1f\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u732e\u8eab\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u5c55\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u613f\u666f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8d5b\u8499\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5949\u732e\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u5f04\u6e05\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u77e5\u5b83\u5c06\u662f\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u7b51\u56fe\u6709\u5173\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u6b27\u767d\u6069\u89c2\u5bdf\u6240\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u6b63\u88ab\u201c\u613f\u666f\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u4fe1\u6761\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5982\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u5bdf\u5f71\u54cd\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u5730\u65b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e0e\u57f9\u517b\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u201c\u5fae\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u4f01\u4e1a\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\uff1b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\uff08\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5fae\u4e16\u754c\u3002\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u7814\u7a76\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u67d0\u9879\u4f01\u4e1a\u8bfe\u9898\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u5929\u5929\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u4e3a\u4f0d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53d1\u5c55\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fae\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5982\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u88ab\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u771f\u6267\u884c\u5168\u9762\u54c1\u8d28\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u6301\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6539\u5584\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u6216\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u4f1a\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u800c\u505a\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0b\u6388\u7684\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e38\u592a\u8fc7\u6295\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\uff0c\u89c6\u91ce\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u504f\u5411\u5c40\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u3001\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5982\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u9898\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u65b0\u89d2\u8272\u201d\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u53ca\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u62c5\u8d77\u6b64\u9879\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u505a\u5230\u6216\u505a\u597d\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ee\u524d\u4f9d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e48\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 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\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u8003\u201d\u7684\u4fee\u70bc\u4e5f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u8003\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u77ed\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u672a\u80fd\u770b\u6e05\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53ea\u5bf9\u77ed\u671f\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u3001\u201c\u672c\u5730\u4ee5\u5916\u201d\u5219\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267 \u3000\u3000\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u5b9a\uff08Garrett Hardin\uff09\u9996\u5148\u8fa8\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u3001\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u201d\uff08Tragedy of the Commons\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u6a21\uff0c\u8ddf\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5229\u3001\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u5374\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5bf9\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u800c\u8a00\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u65e9\u8fa8\u8ba4\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002 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\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u987b\u4ed8\u8d39\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8fbe\u6210\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u672a\u5bdf\u89c9\u90a3\u6837\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u9700\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u3000\u3000 &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/archives\/1352\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u65e0\u4e3a\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7ba1\u7406<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2197,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352\/revisions\/2197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodpoems.org\/poems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}